Brenna Vonasek #4

How to determine an ionic bond

An ionic bond is when two or more atoms connect with opposit charges. They form when an atom gives away an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom obtains an electron to form a negative ion.

Discovery of ionic bonding

most people give credit to Svante Arrhenius for the discovery of ionic bondings, however, many other people should receive credit other than him, including Michael Faraday because he was the one who popularized ions.

How to determine the bonds

There are two different kinds of bonds: covalent and and ionic.
If there are two nonmetals bonding together, and the two atoms share a pair of electrons, then this is a covalent bond. Usually, the outer energy levels contain three, four, or five electrons, and no ions are found.
However, a metal and a nonmetal have to bond together to form an ionic bond. They are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.

Formation of the molecules

A molecule is a group of atoms held together by a chemical bond. It is formed by the joining of two or more atoms. These atoms can either be the same or different.

Examples

These are some examples of ionic bonding-
sodium chloride
magnesium oxide
calcium chloride

Experiment

you are finding if 6 substances are covalent or ionic by the substances' melting point, solubility, and conductivity.

1. put on all lab safety equipment.
2. using the scooper, obtain a small sample of all six unknow solids, place on tin can lid in separate area.
3. using tongs, move tin can lid to iron ring on ring stand.
4. carefully light the bunsen burner and adjust the flame.
5. lower ring stand to where metal is underneath the center of the tin can lid
6. observe what unknown solids start to melt.
7. after 10 minutes, write down which ones melted in order, and which ones didn't melt.
8. put a few crystals of each solid in a microplate. make 2 rows
9. add 10 drops of water to the first row. stir.
10. record which substances dissolved and which ones didn't.
11. repeat steps 9-10 using ethanol.
12. make a solution of the unknown solids with water.
13. place conductivity tester in a solution. if it lights up it's conductive your results.
14. clean off the electrodes from the tester.
15. repeat steps 13-14 for the next 5 unknown solids