Naomi White #4

Think about the types of bonds that we have discussed. We have disused the method
used to determine the ratio of one element to another in an ionic bonded compound. We
have not discussed how we determine covalent or metallic bonds. You are to discuss
how we determine ionic bonds and then determine how we discover the bond and
formation of the molecule. Make sure you use specific examples including experiments.

How to determine ionic bonds and how to discover them.
Ionic bonds are formed between a metal and a non-metal. An Ionic bond is a chemical bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another, forming two ions of opposite charges, and making an electrical force that holds the atom together. It can either be positive or negative depending if it gives or takes more electrons.
If there are two nonmetals bonding together, and the two atoms share a pair of electrons, then this is a covalent bond. Usually, the outer energy levels contain three, four, or five electrons, and no ions are found. However, a metal and a nonmetal have to bond together to form an ionic bond.

Formation of the molecule.
A molecule is formed when two or more of the same or different kinds of atoms bond chemically; which forms a new substance called a compound. The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are the same but the physical and chemical properties change.

Example:
The sodium chloride molecule is an example of an ionic bond. Sodium has an excess electron than required for the stable configuration. Similarly the chlorine atom has one less electron in its configuration than required for a stable configuration.
In addition to this, the electronegativity of chlorine is very high.the electronegativity of sodium is very low . This difference in the in electronegativities of the atoms makes one atom as donor and another as an acceptor. This difference in the electronegativities allows chlorine to snatch an electron from the sodium-atom. As a result, a bond is formed between chlorine and sodium atom.