Brenna Vonasek #4

How to determine an ionic bond

An ionic bond is when two or more atoms connect with opposit charges. They form when an atom gives away an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom obtains an electron to form a negative ion.

Discovery of ionic bonding

most people give credit to Svante Arrhenius for the discovery of ionic bondings, however, many other people should receive credit other than him, including Michael Faraday because he was the one who popularized ions.

How to determine the bonds

There are two different kinds of bonds: covalent and and ionic.
If there are two nonmetals bonding together, and the two atoms share a pair of electrons, then this is a covalent bond. Usually, the outer energy levels contain three, four, or five electrons, and no ions are found.
However, a metal and a nonmetal have to bond together to form an ionic bond. They are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.

Formation of the molecules

A molecule is a group of atoms held together by a chemical bond. It is formed by the joining of two or more atoms. These atoms can either be the same or different.

Examples

These are some examples of ionic bonding-
sodium chloride
magnesium oxide
calcium chloride

Experiment

you are finding if 6 substances are covalent or ionic by the substances' melting point, solubility, and conductivity.

1. put on all lab safety equipment.
2. using the scooper, obtain a small sample of all six unknow solids, place on tin can lid in separate area.
3. using tongs, move tin can lid to iron ring on ring stand.
4. carefully light the bunsen burner and adjust the flame.
5. lower ring stand to where metal is underneath the center of the tin can lid
6. observe what unknown solids start to melt.
7. after 10 minutes, write down which ones melted in order, and which ones didn't melt.
8. put a few crystals of each solid in a microplate. make 2 rows
9. add 10 drops of water to the first row. stir.
10. record which substances dissolved and which ones didn't.
11. repeat steps 9-10 using ethanol.
12. make a solution of the unknown solids with water.
13. place conductivity tester in a solution. if it lights up it's conductive your results.
14. clean off the electrodes from the tester.
15. repeat steps 13-14 for the next 5 unknown solids

Question #4 (bsepulveda)

Determining an Ionic bond
An ionic bond is a bond is where electrons are shared between a metal and a non-metal, which is held togeather by an electrical force. The force of the positive and negative charge of the atoms are the force that which the atom is held together.

Formation of molecule
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of the same element come together. It can also be formed by two or more atomes from different elements, which is called a compound. The substances is physically changed because the physical properties are combined to make a new element.

Finding bond
The metal gives it's 1,2,or 3 valence electrons to the non metal, which has 5,6,or 7 valence electrons. When the transfer happens the conclusion is stable. A covelent bond is formed when two non metal become on. The covelent bond becomes stable because the two elements share valence electrons.

Experiment:
1.Gather materials.
2.probe in substance.
3.turn on probe.
4.determine conductivity of substance by using a conductivity probe.
5.record results
6.repeat until finished.

Ionic Bonds #4 kayla harcrow

Ionic Bonds:
tend to form crystalline solids with high melting points.
conduct electricity easily.
dissolve easily in water.
forms between nonmetals and metals.
can either be positive or negative depending if it gives or takes more electrons.

Formation a molecule:Molecules form when two substances bond chemically producing a new substance called a compound. The properties, of the two elements joining, change while the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons stay the same.

Examples:Sodium a very reactive metal bonds with chlorine(a very poisonous gas) to form a harmless compound, salt.

Experiment:
1. Use a wood splint for the for the petrolatum and a scoopula or forceps for the other chemicals, put a sample about the size of a pea of each chemicals on a sheet of paper. Label the samples.
2. place a ice size sample of each solid in 6 wells on a micro plate. Add water to each well. Stir and observe the relative solubility of each solid.
3. Repeat the solubility test using methanol as a solvent.
4. To test for conductivity first dissolve each solid in half methanol and half water. Test the resulting solutions with a conductivity tester.
5. test the samples for relative melting points as instructed by your teacher.

Macie Jones Question #4

How to determine ionic bonds:
An Ionic bond is a chemical bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another, forming two ions of opposite charges, and making an electrical force that holds the atom together. The atoms are then held together from the force of a positive charge and a negative charge pulling together.
If you were to look at the top right to the bottom left of the periodic table are most of where the ionic bonds take place. An ionic bond is typically formed between a metal and non metal.

Formation of the Molecule:
A molecule is formed when two or more of the same or different kinds of atoms join together. That new substance is called a compound. The number of protons is the same but the physical and chemical properties change because it is a new substance therefore giving it new properties.

Finding the bond:
First to see if the two substances are a metal or a non metal. Metals have 1,2, or 3 valence electrons. Non metals have 5,6 or 7 valence electrons. In ionic bonds there is an electron transfer. Metals give their extra valence electron or electrons to the non metals. When metals give and non metals recieve it becomes stable like a noble gas. This electron bond forms ionic bonds.
Covalent bonds form between two nonmetals. A nonmetal with 5,6 or 7 valence electrons share their electrons with other nonmetals with 5,6 or 7 valence electrons. They form a stable structure by electron sharing.

Experiment:
1. Obtain a conductivity meter.
2. Carefully place the conductivity meter into a solution.
3. Plug in the conductivity meter.
*** All metal components of meter are electrically charged! You will get shocked!!
4. Rate and record what you see in your lab notebook.
5. Unplug the conductivity meter.
6. Rinse off the conductivity meter prongs. Try next solution, repeating steps 1-6.

By: Macie Jones

#4

Think about the types of bonds that we have discussed. We have disused the method
used to determine the ratio of one element to another in an ionic bonded compound. We
have not discussed how we determine covalent or metallic bonds. You are to discuss
how we determine ionic bonds and then determine how we discover the bond and
formation of the molecule. Make sure you use specific examples including experiments.